Method of and means for reclaiming lands and forming bulkheads



Aug. 9,'1927.

' 1,638,656 A. c. cHENowE-rH A. 'l

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR RECLAIMING LANDS AND FORMING lBULKHEADS 4Filed oct. 1e,l 1920 Patented Aug. A9., 1927.

ALEXANDER CRAWFORD oHENoWE'rm or NEW YORK, N, Y.; CATHARINE R.Y oHENo- A WE'JJH 'ADMINISTRATRX'IOFgsAfn 'ALEXANDER' CRAWFORD ACHENOWETH, DE;`

" MEtrHonoF AND MEANS.v EoR REQLAIMING LANDs AND EoRMINGlRUnnHEADs.-

Griginal application filed June 11, 1915,rv Sera1 1\To33,08.` lDivided and this application ledj'ctober .16,y f 1 1920. Serial No. 417.309. 1 A

after fully set forth and then My invention relates to 'improvements` in methods of and vmeans for reclaiming .lands and forming bulkheads, land my improve-` ments are particularly applicable tothe utilization of reinforced concrete .coverings for insuring permanency of the structures and protection against erosion.v -This applicationv November, 23,7' 1920 NO j 1,359,575 v and -tlie inventions consist inthe various novel-'and peculiar stepsin the' method `and in the arrangements Aand combinations ofthe several different parts of ltheqmeans, all as herein@ inf the claims;v

rI have'illustratedjtypes of ,inventionsr in the accompanying drawings, wherein;

Fig, l,i.s a perspective' vieu7 of part ofthe y shore and a body of Water, shoWingmyimproved ,method `fof reclaiming submerged land and forming: bulkheadsfby'means ofA f the protectivecoverings. Y

Fig. Y 2, 'is` lannularged fverti'cal vsectional heads by use of reinforced concretecoverbulkhead or barrier shown in ings or slabs, Which may be made, say for example, like the coverings or slabs set forth in my said Letters Patent hereinabove referred to, and Which may be'laid either in green, or partly dried or .in set condition,

by means of the apparatus therein set forth, or by any other suitable mechanism.V

` The Workmay be started on a line at anyy distance from the 4shore 99,-betWeen the'same and the usual bulkhead line and When'this latter line is used the construction With its revetment or covering Will constitute the bulkhead itself. After selecting the'line for the outer limit of the Work, I use ay dredge to dredge the bed orbottom 90, outside of,

^ the line and deposit thev dredge material the high-Water vindicated' at 92. When the barrier 91, has been formed for a considerable length, lay on the barriera fiexible #pointed out re-inforced cove-ring or mat of plastic cemental material 93, the vsame being placed in; position preferably Whilefi'n-'unsetstate if Wardsthe shore, to any vdesired point onthe` river bed 90'.

over the riverjbed.. The dredge-line may` sequently fillup.

.be inl the formof al ditch WhichsWill sub Inor-der to aid in'retaining the. barrier ,91, in Well defined position Whiley a considerable length` of itis ,beingv formedv from they@ softA material or mud taken from'"the/riverv bottom, and also to strengthen the bulk-head i A y avhenrcompleted, I drive-a ro'W of piles 94,

alongjtheflineof thebarrier vand connect them-at their upper ends -With a string-piece 95, then I ,placel a second roW of pilesQ be# tween the barrier land, lShore and connect the piles inthe tWo opposite roWs and the stringi piece With tie-rods 97;

With the covering or revetment mats thereon,

n so l I VThe barrier or'bulk-head'beingformed `I proceed to dredge from the riverbottom' and ldump Vthe dredge material'on thefiats back of the barrierandthis I'may continuek to do until the fiat lands are brought up level With the barrier as indicated at 98, in Fig. 1'.

The .fiats are thus reclaimed and the reclaimed land has a substantial sea-Wall Vor bulkhead of a durable andpermanent con#L struction. In filling in back `of the `barrier end of theprotective covering is extended into the ditch from'which the materialv is vdredged to form the barrier, the subsequent filling' up of the ditch by the natural'action of the Water, Vembeds the outerend of the' covering and Ygives it a firm vfoundation-so thatit is able to resist considerable pressure` i, from the rear side that may be exerted bytheV mud and material .Which is filled'in yback of the barrier.

While I have described my` present 'imi-f provements in connection Withfiexibletreinvforced Coverings or mats of plastic cemental {material which are. laid 1n place While in Y, unset state, nevertheless the inventions hereinsetforth and claimed, may be employed to lay.- protective coverings whichV a-renot lin the green state, lbut have been allowed to harden or set before being installed on the I* surface to be. protected.'y

In practice I make the coverings or revetnient mats aboutour inches thick and of ordinary concrete composed oi sand,v

Y 'y stone and hydraulic cement properly proportioned and mixed in a manner well known, so that it will harden under water in whicliit is submerged.' In myvpresent work I Vmake the plastic covering about forty Y v ee't wide'byfeiglity feet'orinore `in length,

I 'ylfso that each covering before it is extended place of deposit and one end is retained outrv progressive building on .to its rear end,

forms a monolithic' 'section of substantial size. "After the first section of the covering or mat 1s made, it is moved partly into its of water and then builtonto and the vnewly built portion then ied out into its place L,of

Ideposit andA so on until'the desired length of covering isV reached, the barge on which it is made being moved gradually to payoutthe built up covering.

lI wish to be understood as vnot limiting my inventions to the particular constructions ofthe various different parts herein shown,

c., as itis evident that various modifications i may bemade in the dierent parts, Without,l I

however, departingfrom thespirit of my Y invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure Letters Patentisz- Y The herein describednietliod of foi-ining a bulkhead or the, like, which consistsin arranging upon the ground mat supporting means, then placing protecting composition matsbetween said ground and supporting` means as a curtain, and then filling in back ofsaid mats.

Y 2, Theconibination of a. vertical'elevated structure(arianged upon the ground, and

protecting reinforced composition coverings or mats resting upon the said ground and at thir'u'pper ends engaging. the said structure and forming av bulkliead'or the like, and a `filling back of said m'ats.

3. VThe combination of -a series ot uprights arranged upon the ground, andl protecting composition coverings or inatsha'ving their Lipper' parts supported by said-uprights and their lower ends supported 'upon the ground and spaced at their lower parts from ,said

f prights, and a tillingarranged Vback of said inats.y Y v 1l. The combination of a vertical elevated structure arranged' f upon the ground, and protecting composition reenforced coverings or mats placed between said structure and ground with their upper ends engaging said- 13th d'ay of October, A. D. 1920, 

